The Brief "Contained False Testimony from Wholly Fabricated Witnesses"

Reason · collected 2026-09-14 · by Eugene Volokh
Read the original at Reason ↗

Summary

New Mexico Supreme Court found attorney Stephen D. Aarons in direct contempt of court for using AI tool ChatGPT to prepare a legal brief containing false testimony from fabricated witnesses and misrepresented legal authority. The court also barred Aarons from appearing before it pending disciplinary board investigation, after he admitted to not verifying the factual claims or informing his client about the issues.
Written by the local model on 2026-09-14, using this article's own text rather than the other coverage of the same event (that is the story summary below).

Signals How these are calculated →

Claims extracted
2
claim-shaped sentences
Uncertain
50%
1 of 2 hedged
Leaning
not political
takes no side on a contested political question
Correction & hedging signals
92.4
corrections and hedging in what we collected; not a measure of accuracy
Outlets on this story
1
Crime & Law
Narrative spread
1
articles carrying this framing
Analyzed 2026-09-14 · how these are computed

AI analysis (generated at analysis time, not now)

Story summary

In August 2026, the New Mexico Supreme Court found attorney Stephen D. Aarons in direct contempt of court for using AI tool ChatGPT to prepare a brief that contained false testimony from fabricated witnesses and misrepresented legal authority. The court issued an order on August 21, 2026, stating that Aarons did not verify the factual claims or inform his client about the inaccuracies. He was barred from appearing before the Supreme Court pending disciplinary board proceedings and ordered to pay $5,000 to the State Bar of New Mexico Client Protection Fund as a sanction for contempt. The court also struck down all previous briefing in the case and appointed new defense counsel for the defendant-appellant, ensuring the case would proceed with accurate documentation during the Supreme Court's 2026-2027 term.

Written for “False Testimony Controversy” on 2026-09-15, grounded in this article and the 0 other(s) covering the same event.
Why this leaning score
This article does not take a side on a contested political question, so it has no leaning score. That is an answer rather than a gap: a match report or a rescue can be warmly or critically written without being left or right, and scoring it anyway is how approval of a subject gets recorded as a political position.
No political leaning scored for article 9420 · logged 2026-09-14

Story

📰 False Testimony Controversy
Crime & Law · 1 article(s) covering the same event. This is the one the site leads with.

How this is being covered How these are calculated →

Article leaning vs. publisher reliability
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Publisher

Reason · 164 article(s) · 1 correction(s) detected
Running correction rate · 1 correction(s)
2026-09-05
Lawyers' Responsibility for Hallucinations in Briefs That They Sign

Who wrote this

Eugene Volokh
57 article(s) here · 1 carrying a prediction
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🔮 Under subsection B of Oklahoma H.B. 1775, public-school employees may not "require or make part of a course" any of eight prohibited "concepts."
🔮 It also relies on a populist sensibility that separates its supporters—"the people"—from those who would indoctrinate them.
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🔮 If you purposefully set out to concoct a government policy guaranteed to be unconstitutional, here is how you would do it.
🔮 WHEREAS, Respondent admitted to the Court that he did not verify the factual claims and legal authority in his AI-generated brief before signing it and filing it with the Court, and that he did not inform his client of this failure or that the brief in chief contained multiple factual and legal misrepresentations; {WHEREAS, this matter came on for consideration by the Court upon its own motion to show cause, whereupon the Court issued an order to show cause to Respondent, Defendant-Appellant's attorney Stephen D. Aarons, directing him to show cause in person before the Court on August 21, 2026, why he should not be held in contempt and referred to the Disciplinary Board for the factual and legal misrepresentations he made to the Court in his brief in chief, and response thereto;} WHEREAS, Respondent also admitted to the Court that he did not inform his client of the order to show cause proceedings or provide his client with copies of the order to show cause pleadings; WHEREAS, the Court having considered the response and oral argument presented, concludes that Respondent demonstrated a lack of remorse and a lack of concern for his client; … Chief Justice Julie J. Vargas, Justice Michael E. Vigil, Justice C. Shannon Bacon, Justice David K. Thomson, and Justice Briana H. Zamora concurring; NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that Respondent, STEPHEN D. AARONS, is found in DIRECT CONTEMPT OF COURT; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this matter, with respect to Respondent, is hereby referred to the Disciplinary Board for further consideration; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent is barred from appearing before this Court, pending the outcome of the investigation and proceedings, if any, before the Disciplinary Board; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, following the Disciplinary Board investigation and proceedings, if any, the Court will make further determinations regarding Respondent in accordance with the Rules Governing Discipline; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Law Office of the Public Defender is hereby appointed to represent Defendant-Appellant in this appeal and shall assign counsel to this matter who shall enter an appearance on behalf of Defendant-Appellant forthwith; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that all briefing filed in this matter is hereby STRICKEN; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, following the entry of appearance of new defense counsel, a new briefing order shall be issued and the case will proceed with the intention that it will be heard during the Court's 2026-2027 term; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that as a sanction for direct contempt, Stephen D. Aarons shall, within thirty (30) days of the date of this order, pay a sum of five thousand dollars ($5,000) to the State Bar of New Mexico Client Protection Fund and shall notify the Court in writing when such payment is made …. Read the Ars Technica story for more.
🔮 Keene alleged that, from May 24 to June 27, 2025, at least four Google "AI Overviews" said false things about him: - Keene was "serving a life sentence without parole for multiple convictions." - He was "serving a life sentence without parole for the murders of three women." - He "was convicted of drug trafficking."
🔮 affirming a police department's "redact[ing] officers' names from certain training certificates" released in response to a Right-to-Know Law request for a police department's "287(g) agreement" with ICE: Section 708(b)(1)(ii) of the RTKL exempts from disclosure a record that "would be reasonably likely to result in a substantial and demonstrable risk of physical harm to or the personal security of an individual."
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More on this subject from Eugene Volokh
Oklahoma Judge's Ruling Contained AI Hallucinations
2026-09-14 · Reason · 62% similar
All 57 articles by Eugene Volokh →

Topics

Ars Technica ChatGPT Court the Disciplinary Board the New Mexico Supreme Court

Subjects

Court ORG · 4× Stephen D. Aarons PERSON · 3× the Disciplinary Board ORG · 3× Ars Technica ORG · 2× Teresa Marquez PERSON · 2× Jon Brodkin PERSON · 1× Michelle Amarillo PERSON · 1× Sanchez PERSON · 1× Sandoval PERSON · 1× the New Mexico Supreme Court ORG · 1×

Narrative

Mostly law professors | Sometimes contrarian | Often libertarian | Always independent From the New Mexico Supreme Court last week in State v. Sandoval, via Ars Technica (Jon Brodkin): WHEREAS, Respondent acknowledged to the Court in his written response and oral argument that he used the generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT in the preparation of the brief in chief he filed with the Court; WHEREAS, Respondent admitted to the Court that the brief in chief contained false testimony from wholly fabricated witnesses—Officer Michelle Amarillo, Officer Sanchez, Manal Al-Jibury, and Teresa Marquez; false testimony from Danny Stanton that he received threats, which he took seriously, from Defendant-Appellant; false testimony from Linda Stanton about the threats her husband received; false testimony from Mariah Chavez and Teresa Marquez (fabricated witness) regarding the shooter's clothing and appearance; and misrepresented legal authority in State v. Lopez, 2005-NMSC-018, 138 N.M. 9, 116 P.3d 80 and State v. Manus, 1979-NMSC-035, 93 N.M. 95, 597 P. 2d 280;
framing: mixed · carried by 1 article(s) · first seen 2026-09-14
🔮 WHEREAS, Respondent admitted to the Court that he did not verify the factual claims and legal authority in his AI-generated brief before signing it and filing it with the Court, and that he did not inform his client of this failure or that the brief in chief contained multiple factual and legal misrepresentations; {WHEREAS, this matter came on for consideration by the Court upon its own motion to show cause, whereupon the Court issued an order to show cause to Respondent, Defendant-Appellant's attorney Stephen D. Aarons, directing him to show cause in person before the Court on August 21, 2026, why he should not be held in contempt and referred to the Disciplinary Board for the factual and legal misrepresentations he made to the Court in his brief in chief, and response thereto;} WHEREAS, Respondent also admitted to the Court that he did not inform his client of the order to show cause proceedings or provide his client with copies of the order to show cause pleadings; WHEREAS, the Court having considered the response and oral argument presented, concludes that Respondent demonstrated a lack of remorse and a lack of concern for his client; … Chief Justice Julie J. Vargas, Justice Michael E. Vigil, Justice C. Shannon Bacon, Justice David K. Thomson, and Justice Briana H. Zamora concurring; NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that Respondent, STEPHEN D. AARONS, is found in DIRECT CONTEMPT OF COURT; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this matter, with respect to Respondent, is hereby referred to the Disciplinary Board for further consideration; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent is barred from appearing before this Court, pending the outcome of the investigation and proceedings, if any, before the Disciplinary Board; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, following the Disciplinary Board investigation and proceedings, if any, the Court will make further determinations regarding Respondent in accordance with the Rules Governing Discipline; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Law Office of the Public Defender is hereby appointed to represent Defendant-Appellant in this appeal and shall assign counsel to this matter who shall enter an appearance on behalf of Defendant-Appellant forthwith; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that all briefing filed in this matter is hereby STRICKEN; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, following the entry of appearance of new defense counsel, a new briefing order shall be issued and the case will proceed with the intention that it will be heard during the Court's 2026-2027 term; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that as a sanction for direct contempt, Stephen D. Aarons shall, within thirty (30) days of the date of this order, pay a sum of five thousand dollars ($5,000) to the State Bar of New Mexico Client Protection Fund and shall notify the Court in writing when such payment is made …. Read the Ars Technica story for more.

Claims (2 extracted, 1 hedged)

Mostly law professors | Sometimes contrarian | Often libertarian | Always independent From the New Mexico Supreme Court last week in State v. Sandoval, via Ars Technica (Jon Brodkin): WHEREAS, Respondent acknowledged to the Court in his written response and oral argument that he used the generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT in the preparation of the brief in chief he filed with the Court; WHEREAS, Respondent admitted to the Court that the brief in chief contained false testimony from wholly fabricated witnesses—Officer Michelle Amarillo, Officer Sanchez, Manal Al-Jibury, and Teresa Marquez; false testimony from Danny Stanton that he received threats, which he took seriously, from Defendant-Appellant; false testimony from Linda Stanton about the threats her husband received; false testimony from Mariah Chavez and Teresa Marquez (fabricated witness) regarding the shooter's clothing and appearance; and misrepresented legal authority in State v. Lopez, 2005-NMSC-018, 138 N.M. 9, 116 P.3d 80 and State v. Manus, 1979-NMSC-035, 93 N.M. 95, 597 P. 2d 280; asserted
husband → acknowledge → Manus
WHEREAS, Respondent admitted to the Court that he did not verify the factual claims and legal authority in his AI-generated brief before signing it and filing it with the Court, and that he did not inform his client of this failure or that the brief in chief contained multiple factual and legal misrepresentations; {WHEREAS, this matter came on for consideration by the Court upon its own motion to show cause, whereupon the Court issued an order to show cause to Respondent, Defendant-Appellant's attorney Stephen D. Aarons, directing him to show cause in person before the Court on August 21, 2026, why he should not be held in contempt and referred to the Disciplinary Board for the factual and legal misrepresentations he made to the Court in his brief in chief, and response thereto;} WHEREAS, Respondent also admitted to the Court that he did not inform his client of the order to show cause proceedings or provide his client with copies of the order to show cause pleadings; WHEREAS, the Court having considered the response and oral argument presented, concludes that Respondent demonstrated a lack of remorse and a lack of concern for his client; … Chief Justice Julie J. Vargas, Justice Michael E. Vigil, Justice C. Shannon Bacon, Justice David K. Thomson, and Justice Briana H. Zamora concurring; NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that Respondent, STEPHEN D. AARONS, is found in DIRECT CONTEMPT OF COURT; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this matter, with respect to Respondent, is hereby referred to the Disciplinary Board for further consideration; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Respondent is barred from appearing before this Court, pending the outcome of the investigation and proceedings, if any, before the Disciplinary Board; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, following the Disciplinary Board investigation and proceedings, if any, the Court will make further determinations regarding Respondent in accordance with the Rules Governing Discipline; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Law Office of the Public Defender is hereby appointed to represent Defendant-Appellant in this appeal and shall assign counsel to this matter who shall enter an appearance on behalf of Defendant-Appellant forthwith; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that all briefing filed in this matter is hereby STRICKEN; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, following the entry of appearance of new defense counsel, a new briefing order shall be issued and the case will proceed with the intention that it will be heard during the Court's 2026-2027 term; IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that as a sanction for direct contempt, Stephen D. Aarons shall, within thirty (30) days of the date of this order, pay a sum of five thousand dollars ($5,000) to the State Bar of New Mexico Client Protection Fund and shall notify the Court in writing when such payment is made …. Read the Ars Technica story for more. uncertain
payment → admit → more
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