Joseph Kabila's decision to lead a new political-military movement, the Front for the Refoundation of the Nation (FRN), puts the former president of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in more confrontation with President Felix Tshisekedi's government.
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decision → lead → government
Kabila announced the FRN on October 12 in Goma, eastern DRC, at his residence, where leaders of the AFC/M23 rebel movements joined him.
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leaders → announce → him
FRN coalition adviser, Claude Ibalanky, said the group would unite opposition forces, including figures associated with the AFC/M23 movement.
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group → say → movement
The new structure succeeds the Congo River Alliance (AFC), which had been allied with the M23 rebellion.
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which → succeed → rebellion
Its leadership includes former AFC leader Corneille Nangaa and M23 political leader Bertrand Bisimwa.
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leadership → include → Nangaa
Sultani Makenga, a senior M23 military commander, was also assigned a senior role in the new organization.
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Makenga → assign → organization
The announcement comes as diplomatic initiatives seek to end fighting between Congolese government forces and the rebellion.
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initiatives → come → rebellion
Congolese authorities have accused Kabila of supporting the insurgency, allegations he has denied.
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he → accuse → allegations
On September 30, 2025, a military court sentenced him to death in absentia after convicting him of treason, war crimes and other offenses linked to the conflict in eastern DRC.
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court → sentence → DRC
Kabila has rejected the case as politically motivated.
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Kabila → reject → case
Adolph Amisi Makutano, an official of the ruling Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), criticized the former president for taking a more public role.
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Makutano → rule → role
"It was a lack of courage that made this gentleman drag his feet.
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gentleman → make → feet
They held several meetings and today he is being pushed to step out into the open.
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he → hold → open
But it is a disgrace for the DRC," Makutano said.
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Makutano → say → DRC
Eastern DRC has experienced decades of conflict involving armed groups, competition over territory and mineral resources, and tensions with neighboring countries.
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DRC → experience → countries
The aftermath of Rwanda's 1994 genocide against the Tutsi contributed to successive regional conflicts, as armed groups and refugees crossed borders and neighboring states became involved in Congo's civil wars.
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groups → contribute → wars
M23 takes its name from a March 23, 2009, peace agreement.
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M23 → take → agreement
The movement says the Congolese government failed to honor commitments to integrate its fighters and protect minority Congolese Tutsis.
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government → say → Tutsis
Kinshasa, the United Nations (UN) and Western governments haveaccused Rwanda of supporting M23 and exercising influence over its operations.
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Kinshasa → haveaccuse → operations
Rwanda denies backing the rebellion and cites security threats posed by armed groups operating in Congo.
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Rwanda → deny → Congo
In 2025, M23 captured Goma and Bukavu, two major cities in eastern DRC.
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M23 → capture → DRC
Its territorial gains weakened government control across parts of the region, displaced civilians and intensified an already severe humanitarian crisis.
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gains → weaken → crisis
Kabila's leadership of the new front raises questions about whether he intends to consolidate opposition to Tshisekedi, strengthen the rebellion's political leadership, or pursue both.
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he → raise → both
Alex Vines, Africa program director at the European Council on Foreign Relations, sees the move as evidence that Kabila remains politically ambitious.
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Kabila → see → evidence
"It shows Kabila's political ambition is alive and kicking and he is prepared to challenge Tshisekedi," Vines told DW.
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Vines → show → DW
Timo Roujean, head of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation's office in Kinshasa, cautioned against assessing Kabila's potential support based on ethnic identity alone.
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Roujean → caution → identity
He told DW that economic performance and political dynamics in Kabila's home region of Katanga are also relevant.
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performance → tell → Katanga
The new front could give the movement more explicitly political leadership, but it remains unclear whether the reorganization will broaden its domestic support or alter its negotiating position.
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reorganization → give → position
Conflict analyst Cliffton Chifuwe told DW the alliance does not rule out a negotiated settlement, but could make a durable agreement harder to achieve.
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agreement → tell → settlement
"The Kabila alliance with M23 does not make peace impossible.
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peace → make → M23
However, it raises the threshold for achieving that settlement and its ability to hold," Chifuwe said.
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Chifuwe → raise → settlement
For Chifuwe, lasting peace requires more than a cessation of hostilities.
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peace → last → hostilities
It also depends on credible security arrangements, restored state authority, humanitarian access, and conditions that allow displaced people to return safely.
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people → depend → arrangements
The new FRN coalition also raises questions for mediators about whether existing peace frameworks can accommodate the political realignment and whether the parties involved can ensure compliance with any agreement.
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parties → raise → agreement
As this new development plays out, the central issue for civilians in eastern DRC remains whether the leadership change will open a path to settlement or make an already complex conflict harder to resolve.
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conflict → play → settlement
Wendy Bashi, Saleh Mwanamilongo and Jean Noel Ba Mweze contributed to this article.
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Bashi → contribute → article
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