- Published
Four years after one of the most dramatic acts of sabotage in modern European history, a Ukrainian man goes on trial in Hamburg on Wednesday accused of blowing up Russia's Nord Stream gas pipelines to Germany.
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man → publish → Germany
Serhii K, as he is identified by German prosecutors, is accused of plotting with other Ukrainian military personnel to destroy the pipelines and stop Russia financing its war with gas revenue.
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Russia → identify → revenue
The case is highly sensitive in Germany, seen as one of Ukraine's closest allies since Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022, seven months before the attacks took place.
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attacks → see → place
Serhii K, extradited to Germany last year, will become the first suspect to go on trial for the blasts.
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K → extradite → blasts
He denies the charges, as does a second suspect who is fighting extradition from Croatia.
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who → deny → Croatia
In the months after explosives destroyed three of the four gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea off the island of Bornholm on 26 September 2022, Western suspicion looked towards Moscow without directly apportioning blame.
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suspicion → destroy → blame
Russia had already shut off the flow of gas to Germany in Nord Stream 1 weeks before the attack, and Nord Stream 2 had never been turned on.
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Stream → shut → attack
Berlin had frozen the multi-billion dollar project shortly before the invasion and there were reports of suspicious Russian naval movements before the blasts.
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Berlin → freeze → blasts
As investigators from Sweden, Denmark and Germany tried to find out who carried out the attack, Russia's Vladimir Putin accused the US and its UK allies, blaming "the Anglo-Saxons" - which they denied.
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they → try → which
Eventually, after Denmark and Sweden shut down their inquiries, German prosecutors focused on a group of deep-sea divers who had rented a yacht called the Andromeda in the northern German port of Rostock.
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who → shut → Rostock
They said later that "traces of subsea explosives were found in the samples taken from the boat".
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traces → say → boat
Despite the strain on relations with Kyiv, German prosecutors pressed ahead with the case, and in January 2025 the German federal court of justice ruled that it fell within German territorial jurisdiction, external and prosecutors had a responsibility to act as it involved "undermining [Germany's] internal security".
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it → press → security
Ukraine's Volodymyr Zelensky has always maintained that Ukraine had "nothing to do with [the Nord Stream blasts]", although in their indictment German prosecutors allege the saboteurs conceived the plot "acting by order of Ukrainian state agencies".
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saboteurs → maintain → agencies
They say the case falls under Germany's code of crimes against international law as a war crime" as an attack by military means against civilian objects".
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case → say → objects
The case has highlighted differences of opinion on the trial in Kyiv and Berlin.
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case → highlight → Kyiv
Oleksandr Merezhko, who chairs the Foreign Affairs Committee in the Ukrainian parliament, points out that the blasts took place during a time of war with Russia and "Nord Stream 2 was nothing but a tool used by Russia in order to get prepared for the war".
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Stream → chair → war
He told the BBC they had no confirmation of the German account: "It's one of the versions."
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It → tell → versions
However, Stefan Meister, of the German Council on Foreign Relations, says successive chancellors in Berlin have done their best to remove the politics from the case.
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chancellors → say → case
"They tried to make not a big story out of it, not to give it too much attention, to give it to the institutions, to the judiciary that they will deal with it.
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they → try → it
So they tried to depoliticise it," he explained.
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he → try → it
In August 2025, Serhii K was arrested after checking into a hotel near the Italian Adriatic resort of Rimini, by police acting under a European arrest warrant issued by federal prosecutors in Germany.
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K → arrest → Germany
After several weeks of court battles fighting extradition, Serhii K - identified in court documents as Serhii Kuznetsov - was transferred to Germany late last year.
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K → fight → Germany
German prosecutors allege that in 2022 he was a serving officer in the Ukrainian army, external, and he had led a group of professional divers, a boat captain and an explosives expert.
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he → allege → divers
While his legal fight was going on in Italy, another Ukrainian man called Volodymyr Zhuravlov successfully challenged Germany's extradition bid in a Polish court.
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man → go → court
In a ruling very different from Italy's Supreme Court, the Polish judge ordered Zhuravlov's release in October 2025, stating that the attack on the pipelines was not unlawful, and if Ukraine had organised an armed mission it was "justified, rational and just".
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it → order → mission
Although he was released by the court in Warsaw, he was arrested last August in Croatia on suspicion of being a suspect who "participated in the dives necessary" for the sabotage.
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who → release → sabotage
Last month, Croatia approved his extradition, although it is not clear when that will happen, and if his case could become part of the Hamburg trial.
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case → approve → trial
Despite the difficult nature of the case for Kyiv and Berlin, Ukrainian MP Oleksandr Merezhko does not believe it will spoil relations as "it's in the best national interests of Germany to continue to support us".
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it → believe → us
The Aporia
