Iran’s currency plummeted in value Monday, hitting a record-low open-market rate of 2.02 million rials to the dollar, amid the White House’s launch of “Operation Economic Outcast,” which aims to force concessions from Iran through isolation and a financial stranglehold.
asserted
which → plummet → isolation
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent warned Sunday that an “economic D-Day” was coming, and he shared a first sense of what that might look like at a press conference the following day.
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that → warn → conference
"D-Day marked a historic campaign with our allies,” Bessent said Monday.
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Bessent → mark → allies
“Today, in that same spirit, we are launching an economic onslaught against Iran's financial connections around the globe."
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we → launch → globe
The U.S. announced sanctions on more than 60 targets while expanding sanctionable sectors to digital assets, technology, gold, aviation, and shipping—which Bessent described as some of the country’s “most vital lifelines.”
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Bessent → announce → lifelines
The government may also impose secondary sanctions on Iran’s trade partners, Bessent said, adding that those sanctions could roll out in a matter of weeks.
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sanctions → impose → weeks
The threat is meant to deter countries from bolstering the country’s waning economy and “collapse every last option for Iran,” Bessent said, describing it as "economic asphyxiation."
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Bessent → mean → asphyxiation
Though Bessent didn’t identify which Iranian partners might be targeted by a new round of sanctions, he did name one financial institution: Bank Melli, the Iranian government-owned bank with branches in about a dozen countries.
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he → identify → countries
Bessent said that “every branch” of the bank must be “shuttered and dark” or it will lose access to the U.S. dollar.
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it → say → dollar
The Treasury has previously claimed that the bank provides services to entities that support Iran’s nuclear and ballistic programs.
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that → claim → programs
Since the start of its war with Iran on Feb. 28, the Trump Administration has applied both military and economic pressure to achieve its goal of dismantling the nation’s nuclear program.
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Administration → apply → program
Bessent’s remarks elaborate on President Donald Trump’s announcement on Aug. 19 that the U.S. would launch “the most crushing economic operation ever mounted” against Iran.
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U.S. → elaborate → Iran
Iran initially dismissed the threat.
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Iran → dismiss → threat
Its foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, on Sunday called the U.S. “desperate.”
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minister → call → U.S.
And Mohsen Rezaei, secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, told state television on Aug. 22 that Iran would turn against any neighboring Gulf states that yield to the U.S. in what he called an “economic war.”
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he → tell → what
“Any country that takes part in imposing economic restrictions on us will be regarded as an enemy,” he said.
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he → take → enemy
Given Iran’s sustained control over passage through the Strait of Hormuz, any retaliation could push Brent crude oil above Monday’s closing price of about $92 per barrel or the wartime high of about $120 per barrel.
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retaliation → give → barrel
In a war that has been largely defined by its threat to the global economy, experts wonder whether sanctions against Tehran’s trade allies will further isolate it—and if that will succeed in forcing Iran to capitulate to the demands of the United States.
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that → define → States
Could U.S. sanctions force Iran to end the war?
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sanctions → force → war
The Trump Administration has argued that in tightening sanctions against Iran, the country will face unprecedented isolation and economic pain.
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country → argue → isolation
But Trita Parsi, the executive vice president of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, tells TIME that the move doesn’t guarantee compliance.
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move → tell → compliance
“We really need to keep in mind here that Iran has been under U.S. sanctions for the last 40 years, and we've had several moments in which we have done some sort of a major escalation,” he says.
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he → need → escalation
“And each time, it has failed to translate into a policy change from Iran.”
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it → fail → Iran
Parsi notes that neither Bessent nor Trump has outlined specific demands for Iran—focusing more on maximum isolation rather than defining clear, achievable diplomatic terms.
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Bessent → note → terms
Because of this, he argues that Iran is even less likely to succumb to increased pressure.
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Iran → argue → pressure
“What we know of the pattern in the past is that the Iranians will not capitulate—they will escalate,” Parsi says.
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Parsi → know → past
“This is the same miscalculation Trump made when he thought that the threat of war would cause them to surrender, and instead they prepared themselves for war, and they fought back.
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they → make → war
Further complicating matters is the fact that Iran is meeting with its neighbor, Oman, about regulating passage through the Strait of Hormuz, through which one-fifth of the world’s oil formerly passed
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fifth → complicate → oil
Oman’s foreign minister, Sayyid Badr Albusaidi, is visiting Tehran on Tuesday to continue high-level talks on “bilateral and regional issues.”
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minister → visit → issues
Controlling the waterway—a pain point for the global economy—has been Iran’s greatest strength in the war.
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Controlling → control → war
Any agreement could affect Iran’s leverage over the waterway, although Oman has not publicly endorsed Tehran’s broader demands.
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Oman → affect → demands
Trump last week threatened that the U.S. would target Oman next if it cooperated with Iran on this matter, telling Fox News: “We’ll bomb the s— out of them.”
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We → threaten → them
Experts have said, however, that this is an idle threat and that bombing Oman would be a mistake.
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bombing → say → Oman
Continuing to enforce its blockade on the Strait does, however, come at a cost to Iran.
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Continuing → continue → Iran
A June analysis from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies estimated that Iran may be incurring economic damages of about $435 million per day while enforcing it.
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Iran → estimate → it
How is the plummeting value of the rial affecting Iranians?
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value → plummet → Iranians
Ryan Costello, the policy director at the National Iranian American Council, tells TIME that implementing additional sanctions may not achieve the desired result—but will likely hurt Iranians.
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implementing → tell → Iranians
“Regrettably, it has had very harsh impacts on ordinary Iranians—pushing millions out of the middle class, which is often seen as an engine for successful democratic change over time,” Costello says.
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Costello → have → time
“This currency depreciation has a real cost for ordinary Iranians, making their life ever more unaffordable.”
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life → have → Iranians
According to the International Monetary Fund, Iran’s average annual inflation rate is projected to reach 68.9% in 2026.
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rate → accord → 2026
…and 21 more, not listed.
The Aporia
