In short:
Ongoing fires in Indonesia have prompted calls for legal action or boycotts in neighbouring countries.
asserted
fires → ongoe → countries
Indonesia says its own communities are among the first to feel the smoke and it has deployed more than 71,000 personnel to tackle the fires.
What's next?
An expert says ASEAN's foreign ministers meeting on November 12 is unlikely to support punitive measures against Indonesia.
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meeting → say → Indonesia
Smoke from Indonesia's most intense fires in years has continued to blanket Singapore and Malaysia, creating friction between the neighbours.
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Smoke → continue → neighbours
Singapore tutor Ow Tai Pang said the haze peaked last month.
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haze → say → ?
"It felt like I was breathing in smoke," he said.
"
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he → feel → smoke
I could smell it in the air and my throat became very dry.
uncertain
throat → smell → air
Like many Singaporeans, he kept windows shut, ran air purifiers and avoided outdoor activities.
Mr Ow said he felt a "slight resentment" with how Indonesia's government had handled the crisis, particularly its slowness to accept offers of international help.
asserted
government → keep → help
"They could have responded much earlier," he said.
uncertain
he → respond → ?
Kuala Lumpur resident Syed Akramin said his children had been unable to attend school and his wife had a severe cough for weeks.
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wife → say → weeks
This year's haze prompted him to speak out online for what he said was the first time.
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he → prompt → him
"The haze has become so disruptive that it is difficult for us to simply ignore it," he said.
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he → become → it
Some social media users in Malaysia have called for a boycott of Indonesian products.
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users → call → products
But for Mr Akramin, boycotting Indonesian products was not a solution to the ongoing haze problems.
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boycotting → boycott → problems
"My frustration is directed at the recurring haze problem and the failure to resolve it, rather than at Indonesian people or their products," he told the ABC.
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he → direct → people
Tnay Heng Hung is an urban planner originally from Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo who now lives in Singapore with her family.
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who → live → family
She said the recent haze not only disrupted her life but also brought back memories of the severe pollution episodes she experienced growing up.
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she → say → episodes
"It is really worrying because when I experienced this, I was about the same age as my kids," she said.
"
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she → experience → kids
For generations, this has not gotten better.
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this → get → generations
I think something needs to be done."
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something → think → ?
Diplomatic tensions flare up
Frustration over the haze has also boiled over at a diplomatic level.
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Frustration → flare → level
Last month, the head of Indonesia's Government Communications Agency responded to complaints by minimising concerns over the fires and describing them as a natural phenomenon.
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head → respond → phenomenon
"We're not just sending over the haze," he said.
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he → send → haze
"When there's no haze, we send oxygen."
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we → be → oxygen
Singapore Senior Minister K Shanmugam called the remarks "disappointing".
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Shanmugam → call → remarks
In Malaysia, MP Kalam Salan pointedly began speaking Javanese during a parliamentary speech about the haze crisis.
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Salan → begin → crisis
The language is associated with the home region of Indonesia's President Prabowo Subianto.
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language → associate → Subianto
"Perhaps the leaders there, most of whom are Javanese, do not understand Malay.
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most → understand → Malay
Therefore, with the speaker's permission, I will speak in Javanese," Mr Salan told the parliament.
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Salan → speak → parliament
Malaysian MP Lim Guan Eng called for possible legal action against Indonesia while his fellow MP Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman called for diplomatic protests.
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MP → call → protests
Both calls were quickly ruled out by the Malaysian government.
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calls → rule → government
Observers have questioned the timing of Indonesia's decision last month to reduce piped gas exports to Singapore by about 8 per cent, citing "domestic energy needs".
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Observers → question → needs
The cut followed comments by Indonesia's Energy Minister Bahlil Lahadalia that Jakarta could review export contracts with countries deemed "disrespectful".
uncertain
Jakarta → follow → countries
In a bid to lower the temperature, Singapore's Foreign Minister Vivian Balakrishnan last week made what Indonesian officials described as an "unexpected visit" to Jakarta, where he met his Indonesian counterpart, Arrmanatha Nasir, and President Prabowo Subianto.
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he → lower → counterpart
The talks led to an agreement to establish a joint task force to tackle the recurring haze crisis.
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talks → lead → crisis
The group will facilitate information sharing and cooperation between authorities in both countries, with a focus on identifying, deterring and holding accountable companies linked to land and forest fires that contribute to trans-boundary haze.
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that → facilitate → haze
Singapore has also summoned representatives of 10 Singapore-affiliated companies identified by Singapore's National Environment Agency as being allegedly linked to the fires.
uncertain
Singapore → summon → fires
Under Singapore's Transboundary Haze Pollution Act, they can be compelled to provide information about links to activities contributing to haze pollution, with penalties for non-compliance.
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they → compel → compliance
A statement from the Indonesian government said more than 71,000 personnel from multiple agencies had been deployed to tackle forest and land fires, particularly in Sumatra and Kalimantan.
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personnel → say → Sumatra
"The government continues to strengthen mitigation, its response to the impact on communities, and law enforcement against corporations proven to have violated regulations, including through sanctions up to and including licence revocation in accordance with applicable provisions," it said.
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it → continue → provisions
ASEAN's effectiveness questioned
Malaysia will raise the fires as an issue at an Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) foreign ministers' meeting in Manila on November 12, Foreign Minister Mohamad Hasan has said.
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Hasan → question → November
…and 9 more, not listed.
The Aporia
