US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is set to visit India for the second time this year, as Washington seeks to bolster ties with a strategic partner despite months of friction over a trade deal.
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Washington → set → deal
Rubio will meet senior Indian officials, but will bypass the Indian capital during the trip in the coming week.
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Rubio → meet → week
Instead he will focus on investment and energy during visits to financial hub Mumbai and India’s oil hub of Jamnagar, which is home to billionaire Mukesh Ambani’s refining complex, the world’s largest.
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which → focus → complex
The elephant in the room will be the inability by both countries to seal their long-awaited trade deal, experts say.
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experts → seal → deal
Several factors, including US President Donald Trump’s tariff blitz, friction over energy imports and Washington’s warmer ties with India’s arch-rival Pakistan have made it harder for negotiators to clinch an agreement.
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negotiators → include → agreement
Rubio will start his six-day overseas trip on Saturday with a visit first to Uzbekistan before arriving in India, according to the US State Department.
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Rubio → start → Department
Here are some of the challenges the trade pact has faced and the road ahead.
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pact → face → challenges
Why has the deal been delayed?
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deal → delay → ?
India and the United States agreed in February on the framework for an interim deal under which Washington would lower reciprocal tariffs from 25 per cent to 18pc and India would reduce duties on a range of industrial and agricultural goods.
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India → agree → goods
Despite months of negotiations, the agreement has not yet been finalised and signed.
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agreement → finalise → negotiations
One reason is the legal uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariff plans after court challenges undermined the reciprocal tariffs that formed their basis.
“The February framework had offered to reduce India’s reciprocal tariff… in return for substantial Indian concessions.
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framework → surround → concessions
Once that tariff regime was struck down, the value of the US offer became unclear,” trade expert Ajay Srivastava said in a note.
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Srivastava → strike → note
India is also wary of new trade measures by Washington that could impact it, including an investigation into alleged unfair practices in several countries and a new law that allows for up to 100pc tariffs on nations that purchase Russian oil.
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that → impact → oil
Trump on Friday signed an executive order that waived those threatened sanctions.
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that → sign → sanctions
Where do negotiations stand?
Progress appears to have hit several hurdles.
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Progress → stand → hurdles
For the better part of this year, both governments spoke optimistically about the possibility of finalising the interim deal.
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governments → speak → deal
US ambassador to India Sergio Gor in June said negotiators were working on the “last one per cent” of the pact.
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negotiators → say → pact
More recently, the tone has turned markedly cautious.
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tone → turn → ?
India’s Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said last week that talks had hit a “plateau”, with little room for further concessions.
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talks → say → concessions
Her remarks came days after US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said an announcement was not “imminent”.
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announcement → come → ?
Agriculture remains a sensitive area for India, which is reluctant to expose farmers to greater foreign competition.
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which → remain → competition
Washington, meanwhile, wants India to buy more US energy supplies.
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India → want → supplies
New Delhi has also insisted that its final tariff rate should be competitive with those received by other regional manufacturing rivals such as Vietnam.
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rate → insist → Vietnam
Indian trade minister Piyush Goyal said this week that the first tranche of the deal was in its final stages, but added that it would not be operational until India secured an edge over its competitors.
“It’s going through the final contours, the legal drafting, and we hope to be able to finalise that soon and operationalise that once we get competitive advantage over our peer countries,” he said.
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he → say → countries
How has trade been holding up?
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trade → hold → ?
Goods exports to the US jumped 21pc in August to $8.3 billion compared to the same month a year earlier, when India faced 50pc tariffs.
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India → jump → tariffs
The surge in exports has been a bright spot for the Indian economy, which has been roiled by high energy prices due to war in the Middle East.
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which → roil → East
If higher tariffs were to return, economists say it would cast a shadow on India’s growth outlook, hurt market sentiment and heap pressure on an already-weak rupee.
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it → return → rupee
The Aporia
