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In her teens, Michelle Huynh, the eldest daughter of migrant parents in Australia, made a promise to her family that she would become a millionaire by the time she turned 30.
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she → publish → time
The 26-year-old describes it as "a somewhat silly promise" inspired by the sacrifices her non-English-speaking parents made to raise the family.
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parents → describe → family
But she is trying to make that dream come true by investing her savings in the stock market.
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dream → try → market
"Times are so different and investing has become a necessity," says Huynh, who works in sales for a tech firm.
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who → become → firm
"It feels like our purchasing power is shrinking.
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power → feel → ?
This is the only way to combat that."
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This → combat → that
This year, the technology-driven surge in stock markets has edged her closer to that goal.
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surge → drive → goal
With more than a third of her investments in tech stocks, by the middle of July that part of her savings had jumped this year by 50% - a rise of A$31,000 (£16,100; $21,666).
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part → jump → 31,000
But those gains have now eased to about A$22,000 as the sector is going through what she calls a "wild moment".
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she → ease → what
Huynh says she's prepared for the volatility, viewing those investments as a long-term bet.
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she → say → bet
The rise in tech stocks, led by firms riding the artificial intelligence (AI) boom, has attracted large numbers of ordinary investors, many of them in their 20s and early 30s, even as some analysts warn that the fervour around AI may be overblown.
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fervour → lead → AI
Retail investors have been caught up in the excitement, which has been fuelled by social media and marketing efforts to draw non-professionals, says Glenn Tan from advisory firm Providend.
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Tan → catch → Providend
The tech-heavy Nasdaq in the US is up by about 10% this year, while Japan's Nikkei 225 has risen by more than 20%.
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Nikkei → rise → %
But many tech stocks have seen big swings - both up and down.
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stocks → see → swings
Seoul's Kospi index, which includes tech heavyweights like SK Hynix and Samsung Electronics, has jumped by more than 50% since January.
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which → include → January
The rally has attracted an army of retail investors, known locally as "ants", which has helped fuel volatile trading.
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which → attract → trading
"I could maybe count with my hands the number of people who aren't investing today," South Korean investor U Chan Lee says.
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Lee → count → people
"Even stay-at-home mothers, like my mum, who has never been interested in the stock market, are now interested.
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who → stay → market
"
But the Kospi has seen some dramatic moves.
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Kospi → see → moves
Since hitting a record high of more than 9,000 points in June it has plunged to around 6,500.
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it → hit → 6,500
Trading on the benchmark index has been halted seven times this year under a mechanism called the circuit breaker, designed to calm panic selling after it fell by 8%.
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it → halt → %
Those slides have raised concerns over people who have borrowed money to invest in stocks, leading to South Korean authorities taking action to curb the practice.
Lee, 30, sold many of his shares last year when the Kospi surged, concerned the market was becoming "too overheated".
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market → raise → shares
Since then, he has shifted to buying stocks when they fall and selling them when they rise a few days later.
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they → shift → them
The swings reflect the hazards of investing in tech, some analysts warn.
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analysts → reflect → tech
As governments and companies pour hundreds of billions of dollars into developing AI, sceptics are asking whether the technology will be profitable enough to justify such huge investments.
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technology → pour → investments
People often make bets on "optimistic outcomes" or "the most visible winners" that are not based on a business's profitability, analyst Lale Akoner from investment firm eToro says.
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Akoner → make → eToro
Retail investors often view drops in shares as buying opportunities, treating each sell-off as a "test of conviction", she says, but they need to be aware of "how painful valuation resets can be".
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resets → view → conviction
Jacqueline Choi, from South Korea, says she missed out on bigger gains by not investing more ahead of the Kospi's rally, and was forced to sell Hyundai Motor and Samsung Electronics shares when she needed money.
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she → say → money
"Why didn't I go in and buy those SK Hynix stocks or extra Samsung stocks with all of my savings?" the 28-year-old now wonders.
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old → go → savings
Earlier this month, computer chipmaker SK Hynix debuted in New York, raising $26.5bn to become the largest ever US listing by a foreign firm.
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Hynix → debut → firm
Some of Choi's friends have used thousands of dollars of their savings to invest in stocks.
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Some → use → stocks
"I should really invest more, knowing that investing can earn you so much more than your everyday job," she says.
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she → invest → job
Singaporean business student Shyan Lim is a firm believer in AI-related shares, putting about three-quarters of his savings into tech stocks.
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Lim → relate → stocks
The 24-year-old says there have been plenty of "uneasy" days when his investments plunged by as much as 10%, but he is willing to take his chances.
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he → say → chances
Overall, his bets have worked so far.
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bets → work → ?
In October, he invested 23,000 Singapore dollars (£13,185; $17,845) in chipmakers Intel and Micron.
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he → invest → Intel
"It feels like I'm one step closer to retirement," Lim says.
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Lim → feel → retirement
"While I'm still young I think I can take the risk.
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I → think → risk
I probably won't take such positions when I'm older."
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I → take → positions
With more than half of his investments in tech, George Lee, who recently graduated, says he is well aware of the lack of resources and other disadvantages that ordinary traders can face.
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traders → graduate → that
…and 17 more, not listed.
