The high-profile tests come as North Korea is dialing up weapons demonstrations in an apparent bid to pressure the United States to offer greater concessions if it wants a resumption of diplomacy.
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it → come → diplomacy
The official Korean Central News Agency said Thursday the military tested two types of strategic cruise missiles in the country’s eastern waters.
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military → say → waters
It said the tests were aimed at assessing the readiness of North Korea’s underwater combat systems and demonstrating the reliability of its nuclear deterrent.
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tests → say → deterrent
KCNA didn’t say what launch platform was used.
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platform → say → ?
But the agency’s photos of the launch suggested the country mobilized the “Hero Kim Kun Ok” submarine that was unveiled in 2023 with great fanfare but drew outside skepticism about its claimed capabilities.
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that → suggest → capabilities
If confirmed, Wednesday’s missile launches were the first public weapons tests from that submarine, which implies North Korea began testing weapons systems for the vessel before its deployment in what would be a major threat to South Korea and the US, experts say.
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experts → confirm → Korea
North Korea for years has been developing various missiles designed to be fired from underwater, which was a worrying development for its rivals because such launches would be difficult to detect in advance.
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launches → develop → advance
Before Wednesday’s tests, all North Korean underwater launches were made from a 2,000-ton-class submarine with a single launch tube.
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launches → make → tube
Many experts call it a test platform rather than an operational submarine in active service.
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experts → call → service
State media photos showed the submarine has at least 10 missile launch tubes in addition to its torpedo tubes.
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submarine → show → tubes
At the time, many foreign experts were skeptical the submarine would work as North Korea described, saying it was likely a modification of an existing, aging diesel-fueled submarine.
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it → work → submarine
A lack of known weapons tests from the submarine in the past three years signaled it had some technical issues including an ability to right itself.
But Wednesday’s tests indicated North Korea had resolved those issues and started testing the weapons to be carried by the submarine, according to analyst Shin Jong-woo at South Korea’s Defense and Security Forum.
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Korea → know → Forum
The submarine’s deployment “would pose a significant threat” to South Korea and the US because underwater-launched missiles are “formidable weapons that we don’t know when and where they would be fired,” said Moon Keun-sik, a submarine expert who teaches at Seoul’s Hanyang University.
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who → pose → University
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Report → start → news
South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff said it detected the launches and concluded the missiles were launched from a submarine, with one fired from a vertical launch tube and the other from a torpedo tube.
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one → say → tube
The South’s military didn’t immediately specify the North Korean submarine that it believed was involved.
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it → specify → submarine
North Korean leader wants to pressure Trump
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un recently turned his focus to strengthening the navy after a decade of expanding the country’s ballistic missile program.
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Un → want → program
In March 2025, North Korea unveiled its first nuclear-powered submarine under construction, but it’s unclear when the construction would be completed.
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construction → unveil → construction
They extended a recent run in weapons demonstrations, including tests of various hypersonic missile systems on Sept. 20 and Oct. 3 that the North said were aimed at advancing its arsenal of weapons designed to overwhelm missile defenses in South Korea and Japan.
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North → extend → Korea
North Korea said shortening the duration of the drill won’t change its hostile nature.
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shortening → say → nature
North Korea has previously said it could return to diplomacy if the US abandons its “hostile” policy toward Pyongyang and drops demands for the North’s denuclearization as a precondition for talks.
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US → say → talks
North Korea’s latest submarine-launched tests were part its efforts to gain leverage in potential negotiations with the US, Moon said.
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Moon → launch → US
“North Korea would want to say it would never give up its nukes,” Moon said.
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Moon → want → nukes
“It’s sending a message to the US saying that ‘We’ve perfected land-abased nuclear weapons and are deploying nuclear weapons to the maritime domain so that you shouldn’t demand our denuclearization any longer.’”
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you → send → denuclearization
The Aporia
