Pope Leo XIV arrives at Rome’s Gemelli hospital ahead of lung surgery
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XIV → arrive → surgery
Pope Leo XIV was admitted to Rome’s Gemelli hospital on Tuesday ahead of surgery later in the day to remove a lung nodule, an operation that experts say will determine whether the lesion is malignant and if other treatment is needed.
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treatment → admit → nodule
After the quick drive from the Vatican, Leo walked into the hospital through the main entrance and waved to dozens of well-wishers who had gathered to greet him.
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who → walk → him
The Vatican said the surgery would be performed later in the afternoon by a team led by Gemelli’s chief thoracic surgeon, Dr. Stefano Margaritora.
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surgery → say → surgeon
The 71-year-old American pontiff has offered a rare level of transparency about the first publicly disclosed major health problem of his 17-month papacy.
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pontiff → offer → papacy
He revealed the discovery of the small, localized nodule during his Sunday noon prayer and announced that he would have it removed.
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it → reveal → prayer
Oncologists say even if the nodule turns out to be cancerous, Leo’s prognosis is “excellent” since it will have been removed at an early stage.
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it → say → stage
The surgery, which is usually performed under general anesthesia, will require a weeklong hospital stay, and the Vatican on Monday canceled all of Leo’s audiences through Oct. 20.
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Vatican → perform → Oct.
“These are things that can be treated very well, if the words he used reflect the clinical situation,” said Dr. Lorenzo Spaggiari, director of thoracic surgery at the European Institute of Oncology, or EIO, in Milan, who is not involved in the pope’s care but knows the team at Gemelli.
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who → treat → Gemelli
A churchman who saw Leo on Monday, Tokyo Cardinal Kikuchi Tsutomu, said Leo told him he felt fine and decided to have the surgery immediately to avoid altering his upcoming travel plans to Latin America.
But the decision clearly came as a surprise: While Gemelli has a specific papal apartment that past popes have used, complete with a private chapel on the 10th floor, Leo will actually be staying in a nearby room since the papal apartment is currently undergoing renovations, according to the Vatican press office.
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apartment → see → office
Robotic technology could permit a biopsy before surgery
Spaggiari said he expected the team at Gemelli would perform a biopsy to determine whether Leo has lung cancer, followed by the removal of a section or lobe of the lung where the nodule is located.
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nodule → permit → lung
Both could be done using robotic techniques, and could be performed consecutively, under the same anesthesia, with different specialist teams, Spaggiari said.
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Spaggiari → do → teams
A sophisticated robotic bronchoscopy technology called ION allows a biopsy on nodules as small as 3 millimeters (1/10 inch), Spaggiari said.
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Spaggiari → call → millimeters
Both the Gemelli and the EIO have the technology, which has been available in Italy for just two years.
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which → have → years
Gemelli also has robotic surgical technology, allowing the operation to remove the nodule to proceed “using a minimally invasive technique,” he said.
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he → have → technique
The technique involves the surgeon making four small incisions in the chest through which the instruments of the so-called da Vinci robot are inserted, he said.
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he → involve → robot
The surgeon then controls the robotic arms looking at a screen providing high-definition, 3D views of the surgical site.
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surgeon → control → site
“It’s a very well-established technology.
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This is something we have been doing for 20 years,” he said.
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he → do → years
It wasn’t known for certain what technique would be used on Leo.
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technique → know → Leo
Gemelli has documented using both robotic procedures to diagnose and operate in under four hours.
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Gemelli → document → hours
The biopsy risk is “virtually zero,” while the surgical risk is very small, carrying a 0.6% to 0.8% mortality rate for patients in otherwise good health with good heart and lung function, Spaggiari said.
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Spaggiari → carry → function
Tests will determine whether more treatment is needed
During the surgery, doctors would also remove lymph nodes that drain the segment or lobe.
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that → determine → segment
“If all those lymph nodes turn out to be negative, so stage one, then the outlook is very good,” he said, adding that no other treatment would be necessary.
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treatment → turn → ?
The nodule was discovered during regular checks, the Vatican has said.
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Vatican → discover → checks
“I think he has had a bit of luck.
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he → think → luck
They found something that was asymptomatic — a lung nodule, possibly a tumor.
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that → find → something
He might call it something else; we call it luck,” he said.
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he → call → it
Recovery could allow November travel to South America
EIO advises patients not to fly for three weeks after surgery — which would give the pope just the interval needed to make his planned Nov. 6-17 trip to Uruguay, Argentina and Peru, depending on his recovery.
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which → allow → recovery
The current itinerary for the trip is ambitious and the longest of his papacy to date, calling for Leo to clock just over 31,000 kilometers (19,000 miles) on a dozen flights and two helicopter rides, and a significant altitude change in Peru.
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Leo → call → Peru
“He has decided to undergo surgery soon in order to not change his plans for future overseas trips, so there is no need to worry, as it is not an emergency,” Kikuchi wrote on the Facebook page of the Tokyo archdiocese.
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Kikuchi → decide → archdiocese
A lung nodule is a small abnormal area measuring less than 3 centimeters (1.2 inches) that sometimes appears on a CT scan of the chest or abdomen.
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that → measure → chest
Often, the scans are done to investigate trauma or a lung infection, unrelated to a lung cancer screening.
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scans → do → screening
A nodule can be benign or malignant, and oftentimes surgical removal is recommended both to establish whether it is cancer and to treat a malignancy while it is still localized.
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it → recommend → malignancy
Pope was hospitalized for typhoid fever in 1985
This is believed to be the second hospitalization for Leo, who is known to be sporty and in good shape, with weekly tennis games and swimming.
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who → hospitalize → games
As a young missionary priest, he came down with typhoid fever in 1985, soon after arriving in Chulucanas, Peru.
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he → come → Chulucanas
The illness and hospitalization were a cathartic moment for him to decide to stay in the poverty and discomfort of Peru after living in relative comfort in Rome — a decision that ultimately paved the way to his papacy, according to an interview Leo gave to Elise Ann Allen in 2025 for “Pope Leo XIV: The Biography.”
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Leo → decide → XIV
According to the book, Leo said he prayed to God to let him die rather than suffer the “horrible” pain of the fever.
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him → accord → fever
“I was hooked up to an IV, and I said, ‘If this is your sense of humor, Lord, I think you could do a little better.’
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you → hook → humor
“Obviously, I survived; I recovered, but it turned out to be a very significant moment for me, because it was like, ’Well, you’ve already dealt with the illness; you already see what the needs are here — the order, the Augustinians, the church are telling you, ‘We need you here; go for it.’
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We → survive → it
…and 1 more, not listed.
The Aporia
