Global carbon pollution dropped this year ever so slightly, but it's more because of oil shocks reverberating from the Iran war than anything the world has done to fight climate change, scientists said in a new study.
In 2026, the world emitted 42.2 billion tonne of heat-trapping carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.
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world → drop → coal
It's a 0.4% decrease from last year, according to the scientists of the Global Carbon Project, which publishes its estimates in the journal Earth System Science Data Discussions.
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which → accord → journal
“It's downwards which sounds good, but this is largely driven by the war in Iran, what's happened in the Strait of Hormuz,” said study co-author Glen Peters, a scientist at the CICERO Center for International Climate Research in Norway.
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Peters → sound → Norway
The war in Iran has effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz, a vital shipping artery for petroleum products, pushing up global prices of gasoline and oil.
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war → close → gasoline
They found oil emissions dropped nearly 2% and natural gas fell 0.3%, while coal was up 0.6%.
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coal → find → ?
The international team of more than 140 scientists use data from around the world to calculate the yearly emissions figure, with estimates for the last few months of the year, and then present them at the UN climate negotiations in Antalya, Turkey.
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team → use → Antalya
Peters said they are certain that this was related to the war-triggered energy shocks because of both the timing and type of fuel emission drops.
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this → say → drops
If the overall carbon dioxide emission drop were due solely to a rise in renewables and a systemic drop in fossil fuel use, oil emissions “would slowly come up to a peak and then slowly decline afterward, whereas what we see this year is oil emissions are going up and then suddenly BANG, down 2 per cent,” Peters said.
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Peters → come → what
This is the third time global carbon pollution dropped in the 21st century.
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pollution → drop → century
In those past two crises, people hoped the recovery from the shocks would emphasise clean energy, Peters said, "but at the end of the day, we seem to go back to where we were before.”
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we → hop → day
Outside experts greeted the figures with a mix of hope and skepticism that it will last.
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it → greet → hope
Niklas Höhne, co-founder of Germany's NewClimate Institute, said “permanent shifts are happening” especially with skyrocketing switches to electric cars and trucks, especially in Asia.
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shifts → say → Asia
So he thinks the global peak of carbon emissions is near or here.
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peak → think → emissions
But Malte Mienshausen, a climate science and policy expert at the University of Melbourne in Australia, said oil producing nations and companies not affected by the blockage of the Strait of Hormuz reaped “tremendous windfall gains,” and it boosts their efforts to look for oil outside the Middle East.
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it → say → East
That, he said, will dampen any short-term effects of reduced carbon emissions from the war.
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he → say → war
More than 1,000 tonne per second of pollution
The 42 billion tonne of carbon dioxide emitted this year comes to about 1,335 tonne of the heat-trapping gas going into the air every second.
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tonne → emit → air
“We shouldn't lose sight of the bigger picture.
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We → lose → picture
The world is still pumping more than a thousand (metric tonne) of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every second," Mohamed Adow, director of the environmental group Power Shift Africa, said in an email.
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Adow → pump → email
“It's very abstract to think about the magnitude of stuff we throw in the atmosphere every year, but it's a ginormous number,” Peters said.
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Peters → think → atmosphere
And even though the amount of heat-trapping gases from fossil fuels dropped slightly, overall global carbon dioxide emissions went up 1 per cent.
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emissions → trap → fuels
That's because of land use changes, such as deforestation and human-caused peat fires, that increased faster than fossil fuel burning decreased, the study said.
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study → cause → deforestation
China's emissions drop raises eyebrows and hope
Most of the world's biggest carbon polluting nations — China, the United States, Europe, Japan — showed about a 1 per cent drop in emissions this year, but Peters attributed it to the oil shock.
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Peters → raise → shock
India's fossil fuel pollution went up 4.4 per cent this year, the study found.
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study → go → ?
China's emission drop raised eyebrows and hope for some experts.
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drop → raise → experts
Experts have been waiting for China's ever-growing emissions to start dropping.
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emissions → wait → ?
“China is giving us real reasons to be optimistic that its emissions may have peaked," Adow said.
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Adow → give → reasons
“It's building the world's first major electrostate, investing at extraordinary speed and scale in solar power, wind energy, electric vehicles and the infrastructure to support them.
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It → build → them
It's a fundamental transformation of China's economy that is steadily reducing its dependence on fossil fuels.”
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that → reduce → fuels
University of Michigan environment dean Jonathan Overpeck said, “We're not phasing out fossil fuels fast enough, but some progress is better than no progress.”
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progress → say → progress
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