- Published
Tanzania's main opposition leader, Tundu Lissu, has been found guilty of incitement in a case that has raised concerns about political freedoms in the East African country.
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that → publish → country
The 58-year-old, who has been detained since April last year, was convicted over remarks he made while campaigning for electoral reforms ahead of the disputed 2025 general election.
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he → detain → election
A panel of three judges at the High Court in Dar es Salaam acquitted him of the more serious charge of treason.
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panel → acquit → treason
Lissu, who leads the opposition Chadema party, has consistently denied the charges, describing the prosecution as politically motivated.
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who → lead → prosecution
Treason is among Tanzania's most serious offences and can carry the death penalty.
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Treason → carry → penalty
He has leave to appeal at the Court of Appeal - the country's highest court.
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He → have → Appeal
President Samia Suluhu Hassan won the October 2025 election with 98% of the vote - a result the opposition dismissed the result as a "mockery" of democracy as her two main challengers, including Lissu, were excluded.
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challengers → win → Lissu
Her government has repeatedly denied targeting its opponents.
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government → deny → opponents
The Chadema leader was arrested six months before the poll, shortly after launching a campaign demanding changes to the electoral system under the slogan "No Reforms, No Election".
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leader → arrest → slogan
Prosecutors accused him of making statements intended to incite the public to disrupt the election and threaten the government.
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Prosecutors → accuse → government
They argued that his remarks, which were also circulated online, amounted to treason.
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which → argue → treason
But Lissu, a lawyer who represented himself during the trial, maintained that his comments were part of a legitimate political campaign for constitutional and electoral reform.
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comments → represent → reform
He argued that prosecutors had taken his statements out of context and failed to prove that he had committed any crime.
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he → argue → crime
Some of the demands raised by Chadema were:
Electoral commissioners should be independently appointed (not by the president)
Police should allow all parties to campaign free of intimidation
Government-appointed district chiefs should no longer act as returning officers
Party agents should be able to observe counting without harassment
It should be possible to challenge presidential election results in court.
During his time in remand custody at Dar es Salaam's Ukonga Prison, Lissu went on hunger strike twice for brief periods when he said he was not allowed access to his lawyers or relatives.
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he → raise → lawyers
He also complained that guards listened to what should have been private consultations his lawyers.
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what → complain → ?
These allegations have been denied by the prison authorities.
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allegations → deny → authorities
His case has attracted international attention, with rights groups expressing concern about the treatment of opposition politicians and the shrinking space for political dissent in Tanzania.
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groups → attract → Tanzania
Last year's election was followed by widespread protests and a violent security crackdown that left at least 500 people dead, according to an official inquiry.
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Opposition groups have said the death toll was much higher and demanded an independent investigation.
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toll → say → investigation
The government has defended its handling of the unrest and rejected accusations of widespread political repression.
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government → defend → repression
Samia, 66, has insisted the election was fair and transparent and blamed foreigners for the unrest, saying it was part of a plot to overthrow her.
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it → insist → her
She has set up another commission to inquiry to identify those behind the violence.
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Lissu has long been one of Tanzania's most outspoken critics of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, which, along with its predecessor Tanu, has dominated the country's politics since independence.
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which → dominate → independence
He first became an MP in 2010, representing a constituency near his birth place in Singida, 320km (200 miles) north-west of the capital, Dodoma.
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He → become → capital
In September 2017, the Chadema politician narrowly survived an assassination attempt when gunmen sprayed his vehicle with bullets outside his home in Dodoma.
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gunmen → survive → Dodoma
He was shot multiple times and underwent extensive medical treatment abroad.
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He → shoot → treatment
The attack, whose perpetrators have never been brought to justice, forced him to spend years outside Tanzania.
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perpetrators → bring → Tanzania
He returned to contest the 2020 presidential election against the late President John Magufuli, but lost in a vote that the opposition alleged was marred by widespread irregularities.
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opposition → return → irregularities
Lissu subsequently returned to exile before coming back to Tanzania in 2023, following President Samia's decision to lift a ban on opposition political rallies.
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Lissu → return → rallies
His return was initially seen as a sign of renewed political openness after years of restrictions under Magufuli, who died in office in 2021.
But relations between the government and the opposition deteriorated as the country approached the 2025 election.
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country → see → election
Lissu became Chadema's national chairman in January 2025 and intensified his demands for electoral reforms.
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Lissu → become → reforms
His conviction is likely to deepen concerns about the state of democracy in Tanzania.
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conviction → deepen → Tanzania
Last week, rights group Amnesty International accused the government of continuing its crackdown following the election and "weaponising counterterrorism laws to silence critics and instil fear".
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International → accuse → fear
The authorities did not respond to a request for comment.
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authorities → respond → comment
The Aporia
