The world’s first personalised mRNA cancer jab for melanoma has cut the risk of patients dying or cancer returning by 42% when combined with immunotherapy, a large trial shows.
asserted
trial → cut → immunotherapy
The drug, which was given to patients in the UK and worldwide, is also being tested in other cancers, including kidney, bladder and lung cancer.
asserted
which → give → cancer
It cut the risk of recurrence or death in melanoma patients by 42% two years later, compared with Keytruda alone.
asserted
It → cut → Keytruda
The data also showed that the dual therapy cut the risk of cancer spreading or death by 38%.
asserted
therapy → show → %
About 82% of patients on the combination were still alive without melanoma returning two years later, compared with 70% of those who received Keytruda alone, the firms said.
asserted
firms → return → Keytruda
The study included more than 1,100 people with high-risk melanoma that had been surgically removed.
asserted
that → include → melanoma
It works by triggering the immune system so it can fight back against the patient’s specific type of cancer and tumour.
asserted
it → work → cancer
The vaccine targets tumour neoantigens, which are expressed by tumours in a particular patient.
asserted
which → target → patient
These are markers on the tumour which can potentially be recognised by the immune system.
asserted
which → recognise → system
The jab carries coding for up to 34 neoantigens and activates an anti-tumour immune response based on the unique mutations in a patient’s cancer.
asserted
jab → carry → cancer
In order to create the jab, a sample of tumour is removed during the patient’s surgery, followed by DNA sequencing and the use of artificial intelligence.
asserted
sample → create → intelligence
Susanna Daniels, chief executive of Melanoma Focus in the UK, said: “These positive trial results represent a really exciting milestone in melanoma skin cancer treatment.
asserted
results → say → treatment
Read More
“With melanoma accounting for over 20,000 new diagnoses and 2,600 deaths in the UK each year, innovations that help prevent recurrence and stop the cancer spreading offer vital new hope for melanoma patients.”
asserted
cancer → read → patients
“Cancer vaccines have been researched for many years, but advances in genetic sequencing, immunotherapies and mRNA technology, including experience gained from Covid vaccines, have transformed what is possible.
asserted
what → research → vaccines
“What is particularly exciting here is that this vaccine is personalised, using information from each patient’s own tumour to identify targets that are specific to their cancer.
asserted
that → personalise → cancer
“It essentially trains the immune system to recognise those cancer cells as a threat and attack them, while pembrolizumab helps release the brakes on the immune response.
asserted
pembrolizumab → train → response
“This is a large phase III trial, so it provides much stronger evidence than we have previously had that a personalised cancer vaccine can make a meaningful difference to patients.”
asserted
vaccine → provide → patients
He said vaccines are being investigated in many other cancers, including cancers that are very difficult to treat and do not respond to immunotherapy.
asserted
that → say → immunotherapy
“The challenge now is working out which cancers and which patients are most likely to benefit, and which are the best vaccine targets to go for,” he said.
asserted
he → work → ?
“We’re closer to cancer vaccines becoming part of routine treatment than we’ve ever been, but they are not going to replace existing treatments across the board.
asserted
they → ’re → board
“The more realistic prospect is that they become another powerful tool that we can combine with treatments such as immunotherapy.”
asserted
we → become → immunotherapy
“It is a large, randomised, double-blind, well-controlled study, representing the highest standard of clinical evidence.
asserted
It → control → evidence
Consultant medical oncologist Heather Shaw, from University College London Hospital (UCLH), who was the UK chief investigator for the trial, said the results were “very encouraging” for people with high-risk melanoma.
“This is an important step forward, but we still need longer follow-up to understand whether the benefit lasts and whether patients live longer.
“The treatment also caused more side-effects, particularly fever and tiredness.
“The vaccine remains an experimental treatment and is not currently available on the NHS.
asserted
vaccine → say → NHS
“We are some way from being able to offer it routinely to patients, as further approval and assessment processes need to take place.
asserted
processes → offer → place
There is currently no confirmed timeline for when this might happen.”
uncertain
this → be → ?
The Aporia
